- Reintroduction of sales/distribution layer, or reconfiguration of sales/distribution layer
 - Can happen when relationship with device manufacturer is more important than relationship with reseller as with Apple’s universal SIM strategy
 - Happens when companies introduce direct sales channel, such as e-commerce, or better bundled functionality
 
Examples
- Apple direct iPhone sales & financing
 - Apple SIM
 - Tesla Supercharger network
 

