- Responsive design
- Products where value is defined in part (or fully) by software, so that value evolves over time
- Requires the ability to upgrade hardware devices over the air (OTA), usually via the internet and/or mobile networks
Examples:
- Smartphones
- Tesla upgradeable vehicle features
- BMW ConnectedDrive
- Nest Thermostat
- Software-defined networks (eg, upgradeable firewalls and routers)